📖 Process integration and optimization for sustainability. Carbon Emission Pinch Analysis and Microwave Hydrothermal Co-Pyrolysis of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch with Plastic Wastes.

This book presents a hybrid methodology that combines both carbon emission pinch analysis (CEPA) with pyrolysis-based optimization technique. The proposed methodology was demonstrated via a palm-based case study, focused on Nigeria. At first a clear-eyed view on the overall performance of the Nigerian electricity generation post privatization period (2013-15), using a boxplot is given. The results demonstrated only about 0.56% of capacity was thus far introduced to the grid. Overall, introducing competition in the power sector does not seem to be effective in stimulating performance expectations. To this effect, a systematic energy and carbon constrained planning technique - the CEPA was applied on the Nigerian electricity industry to examine the consequential effects of carbon emissions from using fossil fuels. The minimum renewable targets were determined, and some of the possibilities of realizing meaningful emissions reduction with increases in demand were revealed. The minimum renewable target of 408 TW h is required to keep emissions level as that of year 2015, while at the same time meeting the projected demand of 530 TW h in 2035.